Open-circuit cooling tower or direct is a heat exchanger that cools the water through direct contact with air. An enclosed structure that distributes warm water over a labyrinth-like packing, or fill, which provides an expanded air-water interface for heating of the air and evaporation to take place. The water is cooled as it falls through the fill, and is then collected in a cold water basin below. The heated moisture-laden air leaving the fill is discharged into the atmosphere. Key component of this type of cooling tower is packing that directly means open-circuit cooling tower. An open-circuit cooling tower can be Wet or Hybrid, Counterflow or Crossflow, Induced or Forced draft with Steel, FRP or Concrete body.
